Kingston, the capital and chief port of Jamaica, is situated on the southeastern coast of the island, backed by the Blue Mountains. Founded in 1692 following the destruction of Port Royal by an earthquake, Kingston became Jamaica's commercial capital in 1703 and its political capital in 1872. Known for its excellent natural harbor, Kingston is protected by the Palisadoes, a narrow peninsula developed as a recreational and tourist area. The city of Kingston has experienced significant events, including fires and a major earthquake in 1907, which have shaped its development. Kingston's architecture features a mix of modern buildings and historical structures, such as the Church of St. Thomas and Rockfort fortress. . The city is a cultural hub, home to the Institute of Jamaica, the University of the West Indies, and the Royal Botanical Gardens. By the 1980s, Kingston's waterfront was redeveloped with hotels, shops, and cultural centers. The city is part of the Kingston and St. Andrew Corporation, which houses over a quarter of Jamaica's population.